HomeBiology120+ Biology Differentiate Between Questions (CBSE & ICSE)
120+ Biology Differentiate Between Questions (CBSE & ICSE)
Last Updated: 2 March 2024
Are you looking for Biology Differentiate Between Questions for your exam?
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This article contains 120+ Biology Differentiate Between Questions that will be very helpful for students sitting for the biology exam.
Whether it be an online or an offline exam this article will provide you will a differentiation between questions from your syllabus for both ICSE and CBSE board students.
These important questions are collected based on previous year’s questions and various common questions asked in school examinations. Last but not least you can always comment below which differentiation you need that you didn’t find on the list.
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Biology Differentiate Between Questions
1Differentiate between Active Transport and Diffusion in plants?
No.
Active Transport
No.
Diffusion
1
In plants, the minerals nutrients like nitrates, sulphates, potassium, etc are taken up by root hairs from the soil by Active Transport
1
Gaseous exchange during respiration and phot synthesis in plants occurs by a Diffusion Process
2
Occurs against a concentration gradient
2
Occurs through a concentration gradient
3
Allows the transportation of molecules like nutrients and wastes against the concentration gradient
3
Maintains a dynamic equilibrium of water, gases, nutrients, and wastes in and out of the cell
4
It requires metabolic energy for the transportation of molecules across the cell membrane
4
It does not require metabolic energy to transport molecules across the cell membrane
5
No equilibrium of molecules is established
5
No net movement of molecules is observed after the establishment of equilibrium on either side of the membrane
2Differentiate between Census and Survey?
No.
Census
No.
Survey
1
Census collects information about every member of the population
1
Survey collects information from a sample of the population
2
Census is more detailed and accurate
2
A survey is not as accurate or reliable as a census
3
Census takes a long time to complete
3
A survey can be done in a shorter period of time
4
Census is generally conducted by the government
4
Surveys can be conducted by anyone
5
Census is not conducted frequently
5
Surveys can be conducted more frequently
3Differentiate between Antibiotic and Antibody?
No.
Antibiotic
No.
Antibody
1
Antibiotic is produced in nature by soil bacteria and fungi
1
Antibodies are produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes
2
Antibiotics are either synthetic or produced from plants or other microorganisms
2
Antibodies are produced naturally by an immune system in the body
3
Antibiotic attacks the cell wall and prevents the cellular functions of the bacteria
3
Antibodies bind with the antigen found on the pathogens and prevent infection
4
Antibiotics are like medicines that kill other bad cells in the body
4
Antibodies are like cells that kills other bad cells in the body
5
Example: Ampicillin, Penicillin
5
Example: IgA, IgG
4Differentiate between Renal Cortex and Renal Medulla?
No.
Renal Cortex
No.
Renal Medulla
1
The Renal Cortex refers to the part of the kidney that contains the Glomeruli and the Proximal and Distal convoluted tubules
1
The Renal Medulla refers to the inner-most part of the kidney which is mainly composed of collecting tubules
2
Bowman’s Capsule, Proximal Convoluted Tubule, Distal Convoluted Tubule lies in the Renal Cortex
2
Loop of Henle which is the U-Shaped part of the nephron lies in Renal Medulla
3
It is the outer layer of the kidney situated between the Renal Capsule and Renal Medullas
3
Inner-most layer of the kidney
4
Pale brown or reddish color
4
Dark reddish-brown in color
5
Renal cortex filters blood
5
The renal medulla regulates water and salts in the blood
5Differentiate between Atria and Ventricles?
No.
Atria
No.
Ventricles
1
Atria refers to the two upper chambers of the heart
1
Ventricles refer to the two lower chambers of the heart
2
Atria is smaller than ventricles
2
Ventricles are larger than atria
3
It consists of a thin wall
3
It consists of a thick wall
4
The main function is to collect blood and supply it to the ventricles in a controlled manner
4
The main function is to push blood throughout the body
5
Receives blood passively as there are no valves between the corresponding veins and the atria
5
Receives blood with considerable blood pressure as they receive blood through the valve
6Differentiate between Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Vein?
No.
Pulmonary Artery
No.
Pulmonary Vein
1
Vessel from the pulmonary circulation loop, which carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
1
Vessel from the pulmonary circulation loop, which carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart’s left atrium
2
Carries dark-red deoxygenated blood
2
Carries bright-red oxygenated blood
3
Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
3
Carries blood from lungs to the heart left atrium
4
Divides into two branches, one for each lung
4
Divides into four branches, two for each lung
5
It has a narrow lumen and high blood pressure
5
It has a wider lumen and lower blood pressure
7Differentiate between Auxins and Cytokinins?
No.
Auxins
No.
Cytokinins
1
It is produced in the stem tip
1
It is produced in roots and travels upward in xylem sap
2
Promotes cell elongation
2
Promotes cell division
3
Play a major role in phototropism, geotropism, and hydrotropism
3
Moves from roots into shoots and thus signals lateral bud growth
4
Auxin stimulates root branching
4
Cytokinin inhibits lateral root formation
5
Maintains apical dominance
5
Does not maintain apical dominance
8Differentiate between Oxygenated Blood and Deoxygenated Blood?
No.
Oxygenated Blood
No.
Deoxygenated Blood
1
Oxygenated blood refers to the blood that has been exposed to the oxygen in the lungs
1
Deoxygenated blood refers to the blood that has a low oxygen saturation relative to blood leaving the lungs
2
Oxygen concentration is high
2
Oxygen concentration is low
3
Flows from the lungs through the left chambers of the heart to the metabolizing tissues of the body
3
Flows from the metabolizing tissues of the body through the right chambers of the heart to the lungs
4
Flows away from the heart
4
Flow towards the heart
5
Driving force is the pumping pressure of the heart
5
Driving force if the muscular contractions
6
Main function is to supply oxygen to the metabolizing tissues
6
Main function is to carry carbon dioxide to the lung
9Differentiate between RBC and WBC?
No.
RBC
No.
WBC
1
These are minute disc-like structures, flat in the center, thick and round at the periphery
1
They are amoeboid shaped
2
RBC’s do not have the nucleus
2
They are characterized by the presence of a large central nucleus
3
RBCs are also called “Erythrocytes”
3
WBCs are also called “Leukocytes”
4
Involved in transporting gases, mainly oxygen
4
Involved in defense mechanism
5
The lifespan of RBCs is 120 days
5
The lifespan of WBCs is 5-21 days
6
Low count of RBC leads to Anaemia
6
Low count of WBC leads to Leukopenia
10Differentiate between Hepatic Bile and Gallbladder Bile?
No.
Hepatic Bile
No.
Gallbladder Bile
1
Bile produced by the liver
1
Bile produced by the gallbladder
2
Flows into the gallbladder for storage in the absence of food
2
Secreted into the small intestine in the presence of food
3
Readily secreted form of bile from the liver
3
Stored form of bile in the gallbladder
4
Alkaline
4
Slightly acidic
5
Enters the common bile duct through the left and right hepatic ducts
5
Enters the common bile duct through the cystic duct
11Differentiate between Inflammation and Swelling?
No.
Inflammation
No.
Swelling
1
Inflammation is the human body’s immune system response
1
Swelling occurs due to the accumulation of fluid into the tissue
2
Symptoms include pain, redness, immobility, etc.
2
Symptoms include itching, vomiting, flatulence
3
Inflammation could be dangerous especially when the causes are internal
3
Swelling is usually not dangerous
4
Inflammation is not a component of swelling
4
Swelling can be a component of inflammation
5
A part of the body is called inflamed if it is larger than usual because of an increase in the blood supply triggered by the body’s response to infection
5
A part of the body is called swollen if it is larger than its usual self
12Differentiate between Androgen and Estrogen?
No.
Androgen
No.
Estrogen
1
A male sex hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics
1
Any group of steroid hormones, promoting the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body
2
Mainly occur in the male body
2
Mainly occur in the female body
3
Main type: Testosterone
3
Main Type: Estradiol
4
Other types: Dihydrotestosterone and Androstenedione
4
Other types: Estrone and Estriol
5
Produced in testis
5
Produced in ovaries
6
Responsible for the development and maintenance of the male reproductive system while developing secondary male sex characteristics
6
Responsible for the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system while developing secondary female sex characteristics
13Differentiate between Ureter and Urethra?
No.
Ureter
No.
Urethra
1
Ureter carries urine from the kidney to the Urinary Bladder
1
Urethra carries urine from Urinary Bladder to the outside of the body
2
Ureter refers to a duct through which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder
2
Urethra refers to a duct through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body
3
There are two ureters in the urinary system
3
There is only a single urethra in the urinary system
4
Ureter is located in the middle part of the urinary system
4
Urethra is located in the last part of the urinary system
5
A thin and long tube
5
A broad and short tube
6
Considered as a part of only the urinary system
6
Considered as a part of both urinary and reproductive system
14Differentiate between Hypotonic Solution and Hypertonic Solution?
No.
Hypotonic Solution
No.
Hypertonic Solution
1
When a cell is placed in a Hypotonic Solution, it gets swollen up and the condition is called Turgidity
1
When a cell is placed in Hypertonic Solution, it shrinks and the condition is called Flaccidity
2
Hypotonic solutions are solutions having lower osmotic pressures
2
Hypertonic solutions are solutions having comparatively higher osmotic pressures
3
Have a low concentration
3
Have a high concentration
4
Hypotonic environments cause cells to swell
4
Hypertonic environments cause cells to shrink
5
It is not helpful in food preservation
5
It is helpful in food preservation
15Differentiate between Muscle Cell and Nerve Cells?
No.
Muscle Cell
No.
Nerve Cells
1
Muscle cells are the specialized cells found in the muscles that can shorten their length using a series of motor proteins present in the cell
1
Nerve cells are granular cells specialized in serving as the functional unit of the nervous system that transmits nerve impulses throughout the body
2
They are also known as Myocytes
2
They are also known as Neurons
3
It forms the muscular system
3
It forms the nervous system
4
Cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm
4
Cytoplasm is called the neuroplasm
5
Responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscles
5
Responsible for the coordination of the functions of the body
6
The 3 types of muscle cells are Smooth Muscles, Cardiac Muscles, & Skeletal Muscles
6
The 3 types of nerve cell are Neuron, Moto Neuron, & Mixed Neuron
16Differentiate between Vas Deferens and Fallopian Tube?
No.
Vas Deferens
No.
Fallopian Tube
1
Vas Deferens is also known as Sperm Duct
1
Fallopian Tube is also known as Oviduct
2
It receives the sperms from the epididymis and transports them along with secretions of Seminal vesicles, Prostate gland, and Cowper’s gland to the tip of the urethra
2
It receives the secondary Oocyte from the ovary and also acts as the site of fertilization of egg and sperm
3
It belongs to the male reproductive system
3
It belongs to the female reproductive system
4
Vas deferens is a muscular tube that transports sperms from the epididymis to the penis
4
The fallopian tube is a muscular tube that facilitates the movement of oocytes and allows fertilization
5
No fertilization takes place
5
Fertilization takes place
17Differentiate between Red Cross and WHO?
No.
Red Cross
No.
WHO
1
The main activities of the Red Cross include hospital services, blood bank, HIV/AIDS programs, maternity, child and family welfare, nursing, relief operations in fire, railway & other accidents, etc
1
The main activities of WHO is to reduce excess mortality, disability and promote a healthy lifestyle to reduce risk to human health and develop health systems that improve the health of the general public
2
Red Cross is an autonomous organization
2
WHO is an agency of the United Nations
3
It provides relief and medical assistance in times of war
3
It provides relief and medical assistance in times of epidemic and pandemic of diseases
4
Red cross was founded in 1663
4
WHO was founded in 1948
5
Red cross was founded by 5 persons; Henry Dunant, Gustave Moynier Théodore Maunoir, Guillaume-Henri Dufour, & Louis Appia
5
WHO was founded by many countries coming together
18Differentiate between Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell?
No.
Prokaryotic Cell
No.
Eukaryotic Cell
1
Prokaryotic Cell has though cell wall
1
Eukaryotic Animal Cell is only surrounded by a thin plasma membrane
2
It does not have a nucleus
2
It has a prominent nucleus in the center
3
DNA is circular
3
DNA is a linear thread-like structure
4
Smaller ribosomes
4
Larger ribosomes
5
Cell division occurs by Binary Fission
5
Cell division occurs by Mitosis
6
Example: Bacteria and Archaea
6
Example: Plants and Animals
19Differentiate between LUBB and DUBB?
No.
LUBB
No.
DUBB
1
It is the first heart sound produced by the closure of the Bicuspid and Tricuspid Atrioventricular Valves
1
It is the second heart sound produced by the closure of Pulmonary and Aortic Semilunar Valves
2
At the beginning of ventricular systole
2
At the beginning of ventricular diastole
3
Low frequency
3
High frequency
4
Low intensity
4
High intensity
5
Low pitch
5
High pitch
6
Low duration
6
High duration
20Differentiate between Animal Cell Mitosis and Plant Cell Mitosis?
No.
Animal Cell Mitosis
No.
Plant Cell Mitosis
1
It occurs in almost all types of cells of the organism
1
It occurs in the growing tips or meristems
2
An animal cell becomes rounded before cell division
2
There is no change in the shape of plant cell before division
3
Presence of Centrosome is essential
3
Centrosome is not present
4
Asters are present
4
Asters are absent
5
Cytokinesis occurs by cleavage wherein a furrow is formed dividing the mother cell into two daughter cells
5
Cytokinesis occurs commonly by the cell plate method wherein a solid middle lamella develops dividing the mother cell into two daughter cells
Axons are long, uniform, and cylindrical processes
2
Several dendrites arise from Cyton
2
Only a single axon arises per Cyton
3
They have tapering ends
3
Terminal branches of the axon enlarge to form a knob
4
Dendrites contain Nissl’s granules and neurofibrils
4
Axons do not contain Nissl’s granules but contain neurofibrils
5
They receive sensation and sent it to the Cyton
5
They carry impulses away from the Cyton
32Differentiate between Tricuspid Valve and Bicuspid Valve?
No.
Tricuspid Valve
No.
Bicuspid Valve
1
Allows blood to flow from Right Atrium to Right Ventricle
1
Allows blood to flow from Left Atrium to Left Ventricle
2
Deoxygenated blood flows through this valve
2
Oxygenated blood flows through this valve
3
Right atrioventricular valve
3
Left atrioventricular valve
4
Consist of three cusps
4
Consist of two cusps
5
Prevents the reverse flow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium
5
Prevents the reverse flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium
33Differentiate between Castration and Vasectomy?
No.
Castration
No.
Vasectomy
1
Removal of testicles of a male animal
1
Surgical cutting and sealing of a part of vas deferens
2
Sperms and hormones are not produced
2
Sperms and hormones produced
3
Become asexual and lose masculinity
3
Sexuality remains as it is
4
Irreversible process
4
Reversible process
5
Done in animals
5
Done in animals and humans
Done in animals and humans
34Differentiate between Cerebrum and Spinal Cord?
No.
Cerebrum
No.
Spinal Cord
1
Outer Gray Matter that forms the cortex, contains cell bodies of Neurons
1
Outer White Matter contains Axons
2
Inner White Matter contains Nerve Fibres
2
Inner Gray Matter contains cell bodies of Motor and Association Neurons
3
The gray matter containing Cytons lies in the outer region (Cortex) and white matter containing axons lies in the inner region (Medullary Region)
3
The gray matter containing Cytons lies on the inner side and the white matter containing axons lies in the outer region
4
The cerebrum controls voluntary movement, intelligence, and memory
4
The spinal cord is the highway for communication between the body and the brain
5
The cerebrum is protected by the skull
5
It is protected by the vertebral column
35Differentiate Bowman’s Capsule and Malpighian Capsule?
No.
Bowman’s Capsule
No.
Malpighian Capsule
1
Bowman’s Capsule refers to a membranous, double-walled cup-like structure that surrounds the glomerulus of a nephron
1
Malpighian Capsule refers to the blood filtering component of the kidney
2
The parts included in Bowman’s Capsule are Epithelial Cells and Glomerulus (Blood Capillaries)
2
The parts included in Malpighian Capsule are Glomerulus and Bowman’s Capsule
3
Receives the filtrate of the glomerulus
3
Filters the blood and passes the filtrate to the renal tubule
4
It is also known as Glomerular Capsule
4
It is also known as Renal Corpuscle
5
Bowman’s capsule is a double-walled cup-shaped structure
5
The Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus collectively form the Malpighian capsule
36Differentiate between Natality and Mortality?
No.
Natality
No.
Mortality
1
Number of live births per 1000 individuals of a population per year
1
Number of deaths per 1000 individuals of a population per year
2
It adds new individuals to the population
2
It removes individuals from the population
3
It increases the size of the population
3
It decreases the size of the population
4
It increases population density
4
It decreases population density
5
It is low when population size is small and high when the population size is large
5
It is high when population size is small and low when population size is large
37Differentiate between Grana and Stroma?
No.
Grana
No.
Stroma
1
Grana refers to the stacks of thylakoids embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast
1
Stroma refers to a colorless jelly-like matrix of chloroplast in which the dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place
2
Disk-like plates in the stroma
2
Jelly-like matrix of the chloroplast
3
Consist of different pigments such as chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, carotene, & xanthophyll
3
Consist of enzymes required for photosynthesis, cytochrome system, DNA, and RNA of the chloroplast
4
The light reaction of photosynthesis occurs here
4
The dark reaction of photosynthesis occurs here
5
Provide a large surface for the attachment of photosynthesis pigments
5
Embeds enzymes required by the dark reaction of photosynthesis
38Differentiate between Acromegaly and Gigantism?
No.
Acromegaly
No.
Gigantism
1
Acromegaly occurs due to oversecretion of growth hormone usually from the pituitary, starting between the ages of 20 and 40
1
Gigantism occurs due to oversecretion of growth hormone usually from the pituitary, starting in childhood before the fusion of the growth plates of bone
2
Develops in adulthood
2
Develops in childhood
3
Thick lips, tongue changes size and shape, protruding jaw
3
Prominent forehead, protruding jaw
4
The unaffected onset of puberty
4
The affected onset of puberty, often delayed
5
Gonadal development is unaffected
5
Gonadal development is reduced, often hypogonadal state
39Differentiate between Guttation and Transpiration?
No.
Guttation
No.
Transpiration
1
Secretion of water droplets from the pores of the plant
1
Evaporation of water from plants
2
Water comes out as a liquid
2
Water evaporates as water vapor
3
Can give out sugars, amino acids, & salts
3
Only pure water comes out
4
Mainly occurs in herbaceous plants
4
Occurs in both terrestrial and herbaceous plants
5
Occurs under humid conditions
5
Occurs under dry condition
6
Never results in wilting
6
Can lead to wilting
40Differentiate between Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus?
No.
Diabetes Mellitus
No.
Diabetes Insipidus
1
Insufficient secretion of Insulin
1
Deficiency of Antidiuretic Hormone
2
Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by excessive levels of sugar glucose in the blood
2
Diabetes Insipidus is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely dilute urine
3
Commonly caused by a deficiency of the pancreatic hormone insulin, which fails to metabolize sugars and starch
3
Commonly caused by a deficiency of the pituitary hormone vasopressin, which regulates kidney function
4
Urine contains glucose
4
Urine does not contain glucose
5
Insulin from the pancreas controls glucose utilization
5
Vasopressin from the hypothalamus regulates the body’s water retention
Stomata are the pores that facilitate gas exchange and transpiration in plants
1
Guard cells are the cells that surround stomata and regulate the opening and closing of stomata
2
It has the ability to photosynthesize
2
No ability to photosynthesize
3
cellular organelles and nucleus are absent
3
Presence of cellular organelles and nucleus
4
Provides space to exchange gas and moisture
4
Regulate opening and closing of stomata
5
They are important to take up CO2 and O2 for photosynthesis
5
They control water loss and efficient gas exchange
62Differentiate between Plasmolysis and Turgidity?
No.
Plasmolysis
No.
Turgidity
1
The process in which plant cells lose water in a hypertonic solution
1
The state of plant cells being swollen due to high fluid content
2
Occurs due to exosmosis
2
Occurs due to endosmosis
3
Protoplasm shrinks
3
Protoplasm swells
4
Water moves from the protoplasm to the surrounding solution
4
Water moves from the surrounding solution into the protoplasm
5
Turgor pressure decreases
5
Turgor pressure increases
6
Causes the plant to wilt
6
Helps the plant to stand upright
63Differentiate between Stomata of Monocot Plants and Stomata of Dicot Plants?
No.
Stomata of Monocot Plants
No.
Stomata of Dicot Plants
1
Stomata of monocot plants are tiny pores in the upper and lower epidermis of monocot leaves which are surrounded by a pair of dumbbell-shaped guard cells
1
Stomata of dicot plants are tiny pores in the lower epidermis of dicot leaves, which are surrounded by a pair of bean-shaped guard cells
2
Arranged in regular arrays
2
Arranged in an irregular pattern
3
Found in both upper and lower epidermis
3
Found in the lower epidermis
4
It is surrounded by dumbbell-shaped guard cells
4
It is surrounded by a pair of bean-shaped guard cells
5
The leaves of the monocots are rolled to reduce the exposed surface area to the sunlight
5
The distribution of stomata in the lower epidermis of dicots reduces the water loss by transpiration
64Differentiate between Platelets and Plasma?
No.
Platelets
No.
Plasma
1
Platelets are small, colorless, disk-shaped cell fragments found in large numbers in the blood
1
Plasma is a straw-colored, liquid component of blood where blood cells are suspended
2
A type of blood cells
2
Liquid that holds blood cells
3
Platelets and leukocytes account for less than 1% of whole blood
3
Plasma accounts for 55% of the whole blood
4
Involved in blood clotting
4
Suspends blood cells and other important substances
5
Platelets are also known as thrombocytes
5
Plasma is also known as body fluid
65Differentiate between Organ of Corti and Pituitary Gland?
No.
Adrenal Gland
No.
Pituitary Gland
1
Adrenal gland is a small gland located on top of the kidney, producing hormones to regulate heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism of the body under stressful conditions
1
Pituitary gland is the major endocrine gland of the body, which is attached to the base of the brain and controls the growth, development, and functions of the rest of the endocrine glands in the body
2
There are two adrenal glands in the body
2
There is only one pituitary gland in the body
3
It is situated on top of the kidney
3
It is situated at the base of the brain
4
Composed of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
4
Composed of the anterior pituitary gland and posterior pituitary gland
5
The release of hormones is regulated by the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and the sympathetic nervous system
5
The release of hormones is regulated by the hypothalamus
66Differentiate between Amnion and Allantois?
No.
Amnion
No.
Allantois
1
Amnion is the innermost thin membrane that surrounds the embryo
1
Allantois is a membrane that facilitates the take-up of nitrogenous waste from the fetus and gas exchange
2
Its main function is to make a hydrostatic cushion around the embryo and provide a protective environment for the developing fetus
2
It helps the embryo to exchange gases and takes up nitrogenous waste, especially urine from the fetus
3
Eventually forms into Amniotic Sac
3
Eventually forms into Umbilical Cord
4
Amnion is the innermost layer
4
Allantois lies between amnion and chorion
5
It does not help to handle liquid waste
5
It helps to handle liquid waste
67Differentiate between Synapse and Synaptic Cleft?
No.
Synapse
No.
Synaptic Cleft
1
Synapse refers to a site of functional contact between two neurons where an electrical impulse is transmitted from one to another neuron
1
Synaptic cleft refers to the space between neurons at the nerve synapse across which a nerve impulse is transmitted by neurotransmitters
2
Junction between two neurons
2
Gap between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons
3
Composed of a pre-synaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, and a postsynaptic membrane
3
A component of the synapse
4
Transmit nerve impulses in the form of electrical or chemical signals
4
Nerve impulses are transmitted in the form of chemical signals
5
Involved in the conversion of electrical signals into chemical signals and transmission of the nerve impulses into an adjacent neuron
5
Involved in the transmission of nerve impulses between the membranes of two neurons
68Differentiate between Gene and Allele?
No.
Gene
No.
Allele
1
A gene is a segment of DNA that controls a specific trait
1
An allele is a variant of a particular gene
2
A single gene determines a particular trait
2
Two or multiple alleles bring variations to the trait
3
Found in all known organisms
3
Can be identified in a multi-genome organism
4
Occurs as individual units
4
Always occur in pairs
5
Encode for a single protein
5
Produce opposite phenotypes
69Differentiate between Placenta and Uterus?
No.
Placenta
No.
Uterus
1
A flattened circular organ in the uterus of pregnant eutherian mammals, nourishing and maintaining the fetus through the umbilical cord
1
The organ in the reproductive system of female mammals, conceiving and gestating the offspring before birth
2
Occurs in placental mammals, marsupials, and some non-mammals
2
Occurs in most of the mammals
3
Develops during pregnancy
3
Occurs inside the mother from birth
4
A pancake-shaped organ
4
A pear-shaped organ
5
Weight around 500g
5
weight around 60g
6
Responsible for the nutrient uptake, waste elimination, gas exchange, and thermoregulation via the mother’s blood supply
6
Responsible for conceiving and the developing of the fetus
70Differentiate between T Cells and B Cells?
No.
T Cells
No.
B Cells
1
T cells originate in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus
1
B Cells originate and matures in the bone marrow
2
Bear TCR Receptor
2
Bear BCR receptor
3
Have long lifespans
3
Have short lifespans
4
Secrete lymphokines
4
Secrete antibodies
5
80% of the blood lymphocytes are T cells
5
20% of the blood lymphocytes are B cells
6
Involved in the Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI)
6
Involved in humoral or Antibody-Mediated Immunity (AMI)
71Differentiate between Bulbourethral Gland and Prostate Gland?
No.
Bulbourethral Gland
No.
Prostate Gland
1
Bulbourethral Gland is a pea-sized muscular gland that acts as an accessory gland of the male reproductive system and adds fluid to semen
1
Prostate gland is a walnut-sized structure that acts as an accessory gland of the male reproductive system and adds some ingredients to the semen during ejaculation
2
It is located between the prostate gland and penis
2
It is located between the bladder and the penis
3
Number of glands is one
3
Number of glands is two
4
Bulbourethral fluid accounts for 10%
4
Prostate fluid accounts for 30%
5
Adds fluids to semen during the process of ejaculation
5
Secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm
72Differentiate between Telophase and Cytokinesis?
No.
Telophase
No.
Cytokinesis
1
The final step of nuclear division that follows anaphase in which two daughter nuclei are formed through the formation of a nuclear membrane
1
The cytoplasmic division of the cell either at the end of the mitosis or meiosis, separating two daughter cells
2
The final step of Karyokinesis
2
The final step of cell division
3
Two daughter nuclear membranes are formed forming chromatin
3
A cleavage furrow forms in animal cells and a cell plate forms in plant cells
4
Responsible for the formation of two daughter nuclei
4
Responsible for dividing the cytoplasm of the mother cell into two, surrounding the two daughter nuclei
5
Follows anaphase
5
Completed after telophase
73Differentiate between Seminiferous Tubules and Leydig Cells?
No.
Seminiferous Tubules
No.
Leydig Cells
1
Seminiferous tubules are a network of tubes that work as sites for sperm production, maturation, and transportation
1
Leydig cells are the cells that synthesize and secrete male sex hormone
2
Locate inside the testis
2
Found in the interstitial space of the testis
3
Network of tubes
3
Polyhedral shaped cells
4
Tubes are highly coiled
4
Cells are present in the interstitial spaces
5
Sperms are produced in them
5
They produce and secrete the male sex hormone testosterone
74Differentiate between Mitral Valve and Aortic Valve?
No.
Mitral Valve
No.
Aortic Valve
1
It supplies blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle
1
Supplies blood from the left ventricle to the aorta
2
Valve of the heart located between the left atrium and the left ventricle
2
Valve of the heart located between the left ventricle and the aorta
3
One of the two types of atrioventricular valves
3
One of the two types of semilunar valves
4
Mitral Valve has two flaps
4
Aortic Valves has three flaps
5
Closes when the aortic valve opens
5
Closes when the mitral valve opens
6
Mitral valve prolapse is the main clinical condition that can occur
6
Aortic stenosis is the main clinical condition that can occur
75Differentiate between Stomata and Lenticels?
No.
Stomata
No.
Lenticels
1
Minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of the plant forming slits of variable width which allows the movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces
1
The many raised pores in the stem of a woody plant allowing gas exchange between the atmosphere and the internal tissues
2
Mainly occur in the lower epidermis of the leaf
2
Occur in the peridermis of the woody trunk or the stem
3
Occur during the primary growth
3
Occur during the secondary growth
4
Open based on the requirements of the plant
4
Remain open
5
Guard cells determine the size
5
Do not contain guard cells
6
Transpire a large amount of water vapor
6
Transpire a small amount of water vapor
76Differentiate between Hormones and Enzymes?
No.
Hormones
No.
Enzymes
1
Hormones travel through the blood
1
These travel through the ducts
2
Reaction is slow
2
More in quantity
3
Less in quantity
3
Reaction is fast
4
Involved in metabolic activities
4
Involved in digestion
5
Example: Insulin
5
Example: Lipase
77Differentiate between Cell Division and Nuclear Division?
No.
Cell Division
No.
Nuclear Division
1
Cell Division is the process of splitting a parent cell into two or more daughter cell
1
Nuclear Division is the process of obtaining two or more daughter nuclei by splitting a parent nucleus
2
Major events are Nuclear Division and Cytokinesis
2
Major events are DNA replication, chromosome condensation, etc.
3
Cell Division makes new cells and gametes
3
Divides genetic material in the nucleus and aids in the maintenance of the genetic composition of an organism
4
No spindle formation
4
Spindle formation occurs
5
Different in plants and animals
5
Similar in plants and animals
6
Daughter cells are always similar
6
Daughter Nuclei may be similar (Mitosis) or dissimilar (Meiosis)
78Differentiate between Chorion and Placenta?
No.
Chorion
No.
Placenta
1
The outermost membrane surrounding an embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal
1
A temporary organ that connects the developing fetus via the umbilical cord to the uterine wall in placental mammals
2
Mainly occurs in mammals, reptiles, and birds
2
Mainly occurs in placental mammals
3
One of the four fetal membranes
3
The two parts of the placenta are the maternal placenta and the fetal placenta
4
Protects the embryo
4
Facilitates nutrient uptake, gas exchange, waste elimination, & thermo-regulation in the fetus
5
A part of the embryo
5
A combination of the fetus and the tissues of the mother
79Differentiate between Maternal Twins and Paternal Twins?
No.
Maternal Twins
No.
Paternal Twins
1
Maternal twins refer to the twins developed from a single fertilized egg and are alike in all genetic characteristics including appearance and sex
1
Parental twins refer to the twins developed from separate fertilized eggs and are not identical in appearance and sex
2
They are also known as Monozygotic Twins or Identical twins
2
They are also known as Fraternal Twins or Dizygotic Twins
3
Formed by the splitting of a fertilized egg
3
Formed by the fertilization of mother’s eggs by several sperms of the father
4
Share the same placenta
4
Have separate placenta
5
Twins are alike
5
Twins are like siblings
6
Have the same blood type
6
May or may not have the same blood type
80Differentiate between Filtration and Reabsorption?
No.
Filtration
No.
Reabsorption
1
Filtration is the movement of water and solutes across a cell membrane due to the hydrostatic pressure of the cardiovascular system
1
Reabsorption is the movement of water and solutes back into the plasma from renal tubules
2
Passive process
2
Active process
3
Physical process
3
Selective process
4
Occurs at the Bowman’s Capsule of the nephron
4
Occurs at PCT, loop of Henle, DCT and collecting duct of the nephron
It is the fluid that surrounds the fetus within the amnion
1
The watery and typically yellowish fluid is one of the chief means of eliminating excess water and salt
2
Amniotic fluid has an odorless smell
2
has a strong fish-like odor due to bacterial growth after urination
3
Contains nutrients including protein, carbohydrates, and lipids, hormones, immune system cells, and the urine of the baby
3
Contains mainly water, ignorant salts, proteins, hormones, and a wide range of metabolites
4
Normal level about one quart by 36 weeks after pregnancy
4
The normal range of urine is 0.6 to 2.6 L per person
5
A true amniotic fluid leak cannot be controlled
5
The flow can be controlled by squeezing muscles
82Differentiate between Upper Epidermis and Lower Epidermis?
No.
Upper Epidermis
No.
Lower Epidermis
1
Upper epidermis refers to a single layer of cells on the upper surface of the leaf which aids the water conservation
1
Lower epidermis refers to a single layer of cells on the lower surface of the leaf which contains stomata and guard cells
2
Contains few stomata
2
Contains a large number of stomata
3
Contains less number of chloroplasts since it contains fewer number of guard cells
3
Contains more chloroplasts than the upper epidermis
4
Possesses a cuticle layer to eliminate the excess sunlight
4
Possesses a thin cuticle layer
5
Mainly involved in water conservation
5
Mainly involved in the gas exchange
83Differentiate between Ascending Loop of Henle and Descending Loop of Henle?
No.
Ascending Loop of Henle
No.
Descending Loop of Henle
1
Ascending Loop of Henle is located just after the sharp bend of the loop, It is the second segment of the Loop of Henle
1
Descending Loop of Henle is the first segment of the Loop of Henle which is located just before the sharp bend of the loop
2
It is located between the Descending Loop of Henle and Distal Convoluted Tubule
2
It is located between the Proximal Convoluted Tubule and Ascending Loop of Henle
3
It receives fluid from Descending Loop of Henle
3
It receives fluid from Proximal Convoluted Tubule
4
Ascending limb is much thicker than Descending limb
4
Descending limb is thinner than Ascending limb
5
Just after the sharp bend of the loop
5
Just before the sharp bend of the loop
84Differentiate Guard Cells and Epidermal Cells?
No.
Guard Cells
No.
Epidermal Cells
1
A pair of guard cells form a stoma, which is involved in the gas exchange of plants
1
Epidermal cells provide protection to the plant from the external environment
2
Bean-shaped in monocots and dumbbell-shaped in dicots
2
Rectangular or tubular-shaped
3
Consist of chloroplast
3
Does not consist of chloroplast
4
Inner cell wall is thicker than the outer cell wall
4
Outer cell wall is thicker than the inner cell wall
5
No Cutin is found
5
Cutin is found in the cell wall
85Differentiate between Proximal Convoluted Tubule and Distal Convoluted Tubule?
No.
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
No.
Distal Convoluted Tubule
1
Proximal Convoluted Tubule is the first part of renal tubule which lies between the Bowman’s capsule and Henle’s loop
1
Distal Convoluted Tubule is the third part of renal tubule which lies between Henle’s loop and the collecting tubule
2
Proximal Convoluted Tubule is situated in the cortex of the kidney
2
Distal Convoluted Tubule is situated in the cortex of the kidney but extends into the medulla
3
It pumps out glucose, amino acids and potassium, calcium, and chloride ions
3
It is concerned with the secretion of hydrogen ions and receiving unwanted waste substances from the blood back into the nephron
4
Proximal Convoluted Tubule is provided with a brush border formed of microvilli
4
Distal Convoluted Tubule is not provided with a brush border
5
Active and passive transports take place in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule and it thus forms the first region of selective reabsorption
5
Distal Convoluted Tubule forms the juxtaglomerular apparatus in association with the glomerulus of the same nephron. It forms the region of tubular secretion
86Differentiate between Centrosome and Centromere?
No.
Centrosome
No.
Centromere
1
Cell organelle, regulating the cell cycle and organizing the microtubules
1
Section of non-coding DNA, responsible for the movement of replicated chromosomes to the daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis
2
Main center for organization of microtubules and regulator of the cycle
2
The fibers of the spindle attach to the centromere to pull the sister chromatids to the poles during cell division
3
It consists of two centrioles and pericentriolar material
3
Consist of non-coding DNA
4
Each cell has one centrosome
4
The number of centromeres in the cell equals the number of chromosomes
5
Located at two poles of the cell
5
Located on the chromosomes
87Differentiate between Neurilemma and Myelin Sheath?
No.
Neurilemma
No.
Myelin Sheath
1
Neurilemma is the plasma membrane of Schwann cells that surrounds the myelinated nerve fibers
1
Myelin sheath is the insulating covering of the nerve fibers that increases the speed of conduction of nerve impulses
2
Only found in the peripheral nervous system
2
Found in both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
3
Composed of the plasma membrane of Schwann cells
3
Composed of proteins and lipids such as glycolipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol
4
Formed by Schwann cells
4
Secreted by Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes
5
Involved in protecting and regenerating nerve fibers
5
Increases the speed of the conduction of the nerve impulses through the nerve fiber
88Differentiate between Xylem and Phloem?
No.
Xylem
No.
Phloem
1
Xylem carries water from roots to leaves
1
Phloem carries food from leaves to growing parts and storage organs
2
Cell wall is thick
2
Cell wall is thin
3
Cell wall is made up of lignin
3
Cell wall is made up of cellulose
4
Made up of dead cells
4
Made up of living cells
5
Cells are impermeable to water
5
Cells are permeable to food
6
Found in the center of the vascular bundle
6
Found in the outside of the vascular bundle
7
Passive transportation of water and minerals occur
7
Active transportation of sugars and other metabolites occur
89Differentiate between Transpiration and Translocation?
No.
Transpiration
No.
Translocation
1
Transpiration refers to the movement of water vapor through the stomata of plants
1
Translocation refers to the movement of nutrients from leaves to the other tissues in the plant
2
Water vapor is transported
2
Sucrose is transported
3
Always occur against the gravity
3
Can occur in any direction
4
Allows the inward movement of water in the xylem
4
Carried out by the phloem
5
Occurs at day time
5
Occurs at night
90Differentiate between Vas Deferens and Fallopian Tube?
No.
Vas Deferens
No.
Fallopian Tube
1
Vas Deferens is a muscular tube that transports sperms from the epididymis to the penis
1
Fallopian tube is a muscular tube that facilitates the movements of oocytes and allows fertilization
2
Vas Deferens belongs to the Male reproductive system
2
Fallopian tube belongs to the Female reproductive system
3
Transports sperms from the epididymis to the penis and stores sperms until the time of ejaculation
3
Allow the movement of oocytes from the ovary and facilitate fertilization
91Differentiate between Self-Pollination and Cross-Pollination?
No.
Self-Pollination
No.
Cross-Pollination
1
Self-Pollination occurs within a flower or between two flowers of the same plant
1
Cross-Pollination occurs between two flowers born on different plants of the same species
2
Flowers do not depend on other agencies for pollination
2
Agents such as insects, water, and wind are required for pollination
3
Pollen grains are produced in small numbers
3
Pollen grains are produced in large numbers
4
No wastage of pollen grains occurs and thus, economical
4
Wastage of pollen grains occurs and hence, not economical
5
The offsprings produced are of the same genetic makeup, so the purity of the race is maintained
5
The offspring produced may show variations and differ in the genetic makeup
6
Flowers are not attractive nor do they produce nectar
6
Flowers attract insects by various means like-colored petals, scent, and nectar
92Differentiate between External Fertilization and Internal Fertilization?
No.
External Fertilization
No.
Internal Fertilization
1
The fusion of male gamete (sperm) and female Gamete (ovum) occurs outside the body
1
The fusion of gametes occurs inside the body
2
Both individuals discharge their gametes outside the body
2
Only the male discharge sperms into the female genital tract
3
Development occurs outside the body
3
Development occurs inside the body
4
Survival of embryo is high
4
Survival is low
5
Example: Frog
5
Example: Human, Birds, etc
93Differentiate between Asexual Reproduction and Sexual Reproduction?
No.
Asexual Reproduction
No.
Sexual Reproduction
1
It does not involve formation and fusion of gametes
1
It involves formation and fusion of gametes
2
Reproduction units are Somatic Cells of the parent
2
Reproductive units are Germ Cells of the parent
3
It is uniparental
3
It is generally biparental
4
It involves only mitotic divisions
4
It involves meiosis during gamete formation
5
Fast and simple process
5
Slow, elaborate, and complex process
6
Offsprings are genetically similar to parents
6
Offsprings are genetically different from parents
94Differentiate between Microsporogenesis and Megasporogenesis?
No.
Microsporogenesis
No.
Megasporogenesis
1
The process of formation and differentiation of pollen grains from microspore mother cells by meiosis is known as Microsporogenesis
1
The process of formation and differentiation of megaspores from megaspore mother cells by meiosis is known as Megasporogenesis
2
All the four pollen grains that are formed from microspore mother cells are fictional
2
Only one out of the four megaspores is functional
3
Pollen grains are produced in the anther which is a broader knob like fertile part of the stamen
3
Ovules (which are the future seeds) are formed in the ovary
4
It occurs inside the pollen sac of the anther
4
It occurs in the ovule of the ovary
5
Many microspore mother cells are distinguished in a microsporangium
5
Only a single megaspore mother cell is distinguished in a megasporangium
95Differentiate between Integument and Testa?
No.
Integument
No.
Testa
1
It is the covering of the ovule
1
It is the outer covering of the seed
2
Its cells are living
2
Its cell are dead
3
It is thin, one or two-layered
3
It is quite thick and one layered
4
Sclereids are absent
4
cells are rich in Sclereids
5
It is a pre-fertilized structure
5
It is a post-fertilized structure
6
It arises from the chalazal end of the ovule
6
It is derived from the outer integument of the ovule after fertilization
96Differentiate between Coleoptile and Coleorhiza?
No.
Coleoptile
No.
Coleorhiza
1
The epicotyl bearing shoot apex and leaf primordia are enclosed in a foliar structure called Coleoptile
1
The radial and root cap are enclosed in a sheath called Coleorhiza
2
It protects the plumule during emergence from soil
2
It does not protect the radicle during its passage into the soil
3
Coleoptile has a terminal pore from the emergence of the first leaf
3
Coleorhiza is a solid structure
4
It grows much beyond the grain
4
After emergence from grain, it stops growing
5
Coleoptile after emergence from the soil during germination becomes green and does photosynthesis
5
Coleorhiza does not come out of the soil and remains non-green
97Differentiate between Homologous Organs and Analogous Organs?
No.
Homologous Organs
No.
Analogous Organs
1
Homologous Organs are those organs that are different in appearance and perform different functions but have a similar basic structure and developmental origin
1
Analogous Organs are those organs that are different in their basic structure and developmental origin but appear similar and perform similar functions
2
Presence of homologous organs confirms common ancestry and evolutionary relationship
2
Presence of analogous organs shows that all the similarities are not necessary because of common ancestry
3
Share a similar developmental pattern
3
Developmental patterns are dissimilar to each other
4
Developed by divergent evolution
4
Developed by convergent evolution
5
Example: Forelimbs of vertebrates
5
Example: Wings of an insect and a bird
98Differentiate between Respiration and Photosynthesis?
No.
Respiration
No.
Photosynthesis
1
Occurs in all living organism
1
Occurs in plants and other green plant-like species only (Algae)
2
Carbon dioxide is released as an end product
2
Oxygen is released as an end product
3
It is a catabolic process
3
It is an anabolic process
4
Energy is released
4
Energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules
5
O2 is used and CO2 & H2O are given off
5
CO2 & H2O are used whereas O2 is given off
6
Results in loss of dry mass
6
Results in the gain of dry mass
99Differentiate between Blood and Lymph?
No.
Blood
No.
Lymph
1
It is red in color due to the presence of Haemoglobin in red cells
1
It is colorless as Haemoglobin is absent
2
It consists of Plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets
2
It consists of Plasma and fewer number of WBCs
3
It transports materials from one organ to another organ and therefore it acts as a “Vehicle”
3
It transports materials from tissue cells to the blood and vice versa, therefore it acts as a “Middle Man”
4
It flows through blood capillaries
4
It flows through Lymphatic Capillaries
5
Bidirectional flow
5
Unidirectional flow
6
Leukocytes count relatively less
6
High Leukocytes count
7
Flow is rapid
7
Flow is slow
8
Platelets are present
8
Platelets are absent
9
Oxygen is more
9
Oxygen is relatively less
10
Fibrinogen is found in a large amount
10
Fibrinogen is found in less amount
100Differentiate between Mastication and Rumination?
No.
Mastication
No.
Rumination
1
Mastication is the breaking of solid food into smaller pieces by the chewing and grinding action of the teeth
1
It is the storing of quickly swallowed food in a pouch near to the stomach and bringing the bolus back to the mouth to then chew and grind properly
2
There is no storage pouch essential
2
The animal store the swallowed food in a pouch near the stomach
3
There is a single way passage of the masticated food to the stomach
3
The ruminants can bring and store food again in the pouch till it is properly chewed
4
Mastication occurs only one time in the oral cavity
4
Rumination allows food to undergo mastication more than once
5
Seen in most of the animals, including birds and humans
5
Observed in certain ruminants such as cow, buffalo, etc
